Wahyu 9:1-21
Konteks9:1 Then 1 the fifth angel blew his trumpet, and I saw a star that had fallen from the sky 2 to the earth, and he was given the key to the shaft of the abyss. 3 9:2 He 4 opened the shaft of the abyss and smoke rose out of it 5 like smoke from a giant furnace. The 6 sun and the air were darkened with smoke from the shaft. 9:3 Then 7 out of the smoke came locusts onto the earth, and they were given power 8 like that of the scorpions of the earth. 9:4 They 9 were told 10 not to damage the grass of the earth, or any green plant or tree, but only those people 11 who did not have the seal of God on their 12 forehead. 9:5 The locusts 13 were not given permission 14 to kill 15 them, but only to torture 16 them 17 for five months, and their torture was like that 18 of a scorpion when it stings a person. 19 9:6 In 20 those days people 21 will seek death, but 22 will not be able to 23 find it; they will long to die, but death will flee from them.
9:7 Now 24 the locusts looked like horses equipped for battle. On 25 their heads were something like crowns similar to gold, 26 and their faces looked like men’s 27 faces. 9:8 They 28 had hair like women’s hair, and their teeth were like lions’ teeth. 9:9 They had breastplates 29 like iron breastplates, and the sound of their wings was like the noise of many horse-drawn chariots charging into battle. 9:10 They have 30 tails and stingers like scorpions, and their ability 31 to injure people for five months is in their tails. 9:11 They have as king over them the angel of the abyss, whose name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in Greek, Apollyon. 32
9:12 The first woe has passed, but 33 two woes are still coming after these things!
9:13 Then 34 the sixth angel blew his trumpet, and I heard a single voice coming from the 35 horns on the golden altar that is before God, 9:14 saying to the sixth angel, the one holding 36 the trumpet, “Set free 37 the four angels who are bound at the great river Euphrates!” 9:15 Then 38 the four angels who had been prepared for this 39 hour, day, 40 month, and year were set free to kill 41 a third of humanity. 9:16 The 42 number of soldiers on horseback was two hundred million; 43 I heard their number. 9:17 Now 44 this is what the horses and their riders 45 looked like in my 46 vision: The riders had breastplates that were fiery red, 47 dark blue, 48 and sulfurous 49 yellow in color. 50 The 51 heads of the horses looked like lions’ heads, and fire, smoke, and sulfur 52 came out of their mouths. 9:18 A third of humanity was killed by these three plagues, that is, 53 by the fire, the smoke, and the sulfur that came out of their mouths. 9:19 For the power 54 of the horses resides 55 in their mouths and in their tails, because their tails are like snakes, having heads that inflict injuries. 9:20 The rest of humanity, who had not been killed by these plagues, did not repent of the works of their hands, so that they did not stop worshiping demons and idols made 56 of gold, silver, 57 bronze, stone, and wood – idols that cannot see or hear or walk about. 9:21 Furthermore, 58 they did not repent of their murders, of their magic spells, 59 of their sexual immorality, or of their stealing.
Wahyu 16:1-21
Konteks16:1 Then 60 I heard a loud voice from the temple declaring to the seven angels: “Go and pour out on the earth the seven bowls containing God’s wrath.” 61 16:2 So 62 the first angel 63 went and poured out his bowl on the earth. Then 64 ugly and painful sores 65 appeared on the people 66 who had the mark of the beast and who worshiped his image.
16:3 Next, 67 the second angel 68 poured out his bowl on the sea and it turned into blood, like that of a corpse, and every living creature that was in the sea died.
16:4 Then 69 the third angel 70 poured out his bowl on the rivers and the springs of water, and they turned into blood. 16:5 Now 71 I heard the angel of the waters saying:
“You are just 72 – the one who is and who was,
the Holy One – because you have passed these judgments, 73
16:6 because they poured out the blood of your saints and prophets,
so 74 you have given them blood to drink. They got what they deserved!” 75
16:7 Then 76 I heard the altar reply, 77 “Yes, Lord God, the All-Powerful, 78 your judgments are true and just!”
16:8 Then 79 the fourth angel 80 poured out his bowl on the sun, and it was permitted to scorch people 81 with fire. 16:9 Thus 82 people 83 were scorched by the terrible heat, 84 yet 85 they blasphemed the name of God, who has ruling authority 86 over these plagues, and they would not repent and give him glory.
16:10 Then 87 the fifth angel 88 poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast so that 89 darkness covered his kingdom, 90 and people 91 began to bite 92 their tongues because 93 of their pain. 16:11 They blasphemed the God of heaven because of their sufferings 94 and because of their sores, 95 but nevertheless 96 they still refused to repent 97 of their deeds.
16:12 Then 98 the sixth angel 99 poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates and dried up its water 100 to prepare the way 101 for the kings from the east. 102 16:13 Then 103 I saw three unclean spirits 104 that looked like frogs coming out of the mouth of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast, and out of the mouth of the false prophet. 16:14 For they are the spirits of the demons performing signs who go out to the kings of the earth 105 to bring them together for the battle that will take place on the great day of God, the All-Powerful. 106
16:15 (Look! I will come like a thief!
Blessed is the one who stays alert and does not lose 107 his clothes so that he will not have to walk around naked and his shameful condition 108 be seen.) 109
16:16 Now 110 the spirits 111 gathered the kings and their armies 112 to the place that is called Armageddon 113 in Hebrew.
16:17 Finally 114 the seventh angel 115 poured out his bowl into the air and a loud voice came out of the temple from the throne, saying: “It is done!” 16:18 Then 116 there were flashes of lightning, roaring, 117 and crashes of thunder, and there was a tremendous earthquake – an earthquake unequaled since humanity 118 has been on the earth, so tremendous was that earthquake. 16:19 The 119 great city was split into three parts and the cities of the nations 120 collapsed. 121 So 122 Babylon the great was remembered before God, and was given the cup 123 filled with the wine made of God’s furious wrath. 124 16:20 Every 125 island fled away 126 and no mountains could be found. 127 16:21 And gigantic hailstones, weighing about a hundred pounds 128 each, fell from heaven 129 on people, 130 but they 131 blasphemed God because of the plague of hail, since it 132 was so horrendous. 133
[9:1] 1 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[9:1] 2 tn Or “from heaven” (the same Greek word means both “heaven” and “sky”).
[9:1] 3 tn On this term BDAG 2 s.v. ἄβυσσος 2 states, “netherworld, abyss, esp. the abode of the dead Ro 10:7 (Ps 106:26) and of demons Lk 8:31; dungeon where the devil is kept Rv 20:3; abode of the θηρίον, the Antichrist 11:7; 17:8; of ᾿Αβαδδών (q.v.), the angel of the underworld 9:11…φρέαρ τῆς ἀ. 9:1f; capable of being sealed 9:1; 20:1, 3.”
[9:2] 4 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:2] 5 tn Grk “the shaft,” but since this would be somewhat redundant in English, the pronoun “it” is used here.
[9:2] 6 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:3] 7 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[9:3] 8 tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”
[9:4] 9 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:4] 10 tn The dative indirect object (αὐταῖς, autais) was converted into the subject (“they”) as this more closely approximates English usage. The following ἵ῞να (Jina) is taken as substantival, introducing a direct object clause. In this case, because it is reported speech, the ἵνα is similar to the declarative ὅτι (Joti).
[9:4] 11 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.
[9:4] 12 tn The article τῶν (twn) has been translated as a possessive pronoun here (ExSyn 215).
[9:5] 13 tn Grk “It was not permitted to them”; the referent (the locusts) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[9:5] 14 tn The word “permission” is not in the Greek text, but is implied.
[9:5] 15 tn The two ἵνα (Jina) clauses of 9:5 are understood to be functioning as epexegetical or complementary clauses related to ἐδόθη (edoqh).
[9:5] 16 tn On this term BDAG 168 s.v. βασανισμός states, “1. infliction of severe suffering or pain associated with torture or torment, tormenting, torture Rv 9:5b. – 2. the severe pain experienced through torture, torment vs. 5a; 14:11; 18:10, 15; (w. πένθος) vs. 7.”
[9:5] 17 tn The pronoun “them” is not in the Greek text but is picked up from the previous clause.
[9:5] 18 tn Grk “like the torture,” but this is redundant in contemporary English.
[9:5] 19 tn Grk “a man”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in an individualized sense without being limited to the male gender.
[9:6] 20 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:6] 21 tn Grk “men”; but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used in a generic sense here of both men and women.
[9:6] 22 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[9:6] 23 tn The phrase “not be able to” was used in the translation to emphasize the strong negation (οὐ μή, ou mh) in the Greek text.
[9:7] 24 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of the description of the locusts, which is somewhat parenthetical in the narrative.
[9:7] 25 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:7] 26 tn The translation attempts to bring out the double uncertainty in this clause in the Greek text, involving both the form (ὡς στέφανοι, Jw" stefanoi, “like crowns”) and the material (ὅμοιοι χρυσῷ, {omoioi crusw, “similar to gold”).
[9:7] 27 tn Or “human faces.” The Greek term ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpos) is often used in a generic sense, referring to both men and women. However, because “women’s hair” in the next clause suggests a possible gender distinction here, “men’s” was retained.
[9:8] 28 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:9] 29 tn Or perhaps, “scales like iron breastplates” (RSV, NRSV) although the Greek term θώραξ (qwrax) would have to shift its meaning within the clause, and elsewhere in biblical usage (e.g., Eph 6:14; 1 Thess 5:8) it normally means “breastplate.” See also L&N 8.38.
[9:10] 30 tn In the Greek text there is a shift to the present tense here; the previous verbs translated “had” are imperfects.
[9:10] 31 tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”
[9:11] 32 sn Both the Hebrew Abaddon and the Greek Apollyon mean “Destroyer.”
[9:12] 33 tn Grk “behold.” Here ἰδού (idou) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in the context.
[9:13] 34 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[9:13] 35 tc ‡ Several key
[9:14] 37 tn On λῦσον (luson) BDAG 606-7 s.v. λύω 2 states, “set free, loose, untie – a. lit. a pers., animal, or thing that is bound or tied…Angels that are bound Rv 9:14f.”
[9:15] 38 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[9:15] 39 tn The Greek article τήν (thn) has been translated with demonstrative force here.
[9:15] 40 tn The Greek term καί (kai) has not been translated here and before the following term “month” since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[9:15] 41 tn Grk “so that they might kill,” but the English infinitive is an equivalent construction to indicate purpose here.
[9:16] 42 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:16] 43 tn Grk “twenty thousand of ten thousands.”
[9:17] 44 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the introduction of the description of the horses and riders, which is somewhat parenthetical in the narrative.
[9:17] 45 tn Grk “and those seated on them.”
[9:17] 46 tn Grk “the vision”; the Greek article has been translated as a possessive pronoun (ExSyn 215).
[9:17] 47 tn L&N 79.31 states, “‘fiery red’ (probably with a tinge of yellow or orange).”
[9:17] 48 tn On this term BDAG 1022 s.v. ὑακίνθινος states, “hyacinth-colored, i.e. dark blue (dark red?) w. πύρινος Rv 9:17.”
[9:17] 49 tn On this term BDAG 446 s.v. θειώδης states, “sulphurous Rv 9:17.”
[9:17] 50 sn The colors of the riders’ breastplates parallel the three plagues of fire, smoke, and sulfur in v. 18.
[9:17] 51 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[9:17] 52 tn Traditionally, “brimstone.”
[9:18] 53 tn The phrase ἐκ τοῦ πυρὸς καὶ τοῦ καπνοῦ καὶ τοῦ θείου τοῦ ἐκπορευομένου ἐκ τῶν στομάτων αὐτῶν (“by the fire, the smoke, and the sulfur that came out of their mouths”) is taken as epexegetical (explanatory) to the phrase τῶν τριῶν πληγῶν τούτων (“these three plagues”).
[9:19] 54 tn See BDAG 352 s.v. ἐξουσία 2, “potential or resource to command, control, or govern, capability, might, power.”
[9:20] 56 tn The word “made” is not in the Greek text but is implied.
[9:20] 57 tn The Greek conjunction καί (kai) has not been translated here or before the following materials in this list, since English normally uses a coordinating conjunction only between the last two elements in a series of three or more.
[9:21] 58 tn Grk “and.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation, with “furthermore” used to indicate a continuation of the preceding.
[9:21] 59 tn On the term φαρμακεία (farmakeia, “magic spells”) see L&N 53.100: “the use of magic, often involving drugs and the casting of spells upon people – ‘to practice magic, to cast spells upon, to engage in sorcery, magic, sorcery.’ φαρμακεία: ἐν τῇ φαρμακείᾳ σου ἐπλανήθησαν πάντα τὰ ἔθνη ‘with your magic spells you deceived all the peoples (of the world)’ Re 18:23.”
[16:1] 60 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
[16:1] 61 tn Or “anger.” Here τοῦ θυμοῦ (tou qumou) has been translated as a genitive of content.
[16:2] 62 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of the directions given by the voice from the temple.
[16:2] 63 tn Grk “the first”; the referent (the first angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:2] 64 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:2] 65 tn Or “ulcerated sores”; the term in the Greek text is singular but is probably best understood as a collective singular.
[16:2] 66 tn Grk ‘the men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
[16:3] 67 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “next” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:3] 68 tn Grk “the second”; the referent (the second angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:4] 69 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:4] 70 tn Grk “the third”; the referent (the third angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:5] 71 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the somewhat parenthetical nature of the remarks that follow.
[16:5] 72 tn Or “righteous,” although the context favors justice as the theme.
[16:5] 73 tn Or “because you have judged these things.” The pronoun ταῦτα (tauta) is neuter gender.
[16:6] 74 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate that this judgment is the result of what these wicked people did to the saints and prophets.
[16:6] 75 tn Grk “They are worthy”; i.e., of this kind of punishment. By extension, “they got what they deserve.”
[16:7] 76 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:7] 77 tn Grk “the altar saying.”
[16:7] 78 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
[16:8] 79 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:8] 80 tn Grk “the fourth”; the referent (the fourth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:8] 81 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
[16:9] 82 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “thus” to indicate the implied result of the bowl poured on the sun.
[16:9] 83 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
[16:9] 84 tn On this phrase BDAG 536 s.v. καῦμα states, “burning, heat Rv 7:16…καυματίζεσθαι κ. μέγα be burned with a scorching heat 16:9.”
[16:9] 85 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “yet” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
[16:9] 86 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
[16:10] 87 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:10] 88 tn Grk “the fifth”; the referent (the fifth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:10] 89 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so that” to indicate the implied result of the fifth bowl being poured out.
[16:10] 90 tn Grk “his kingdom became dark.”
[16:10] 91 tn Grk “men,” but this is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") and refers to both men and women.
[16:10] 92 tn On this term BDAG 620 s.v. μασάομαι states, “bite w. acc. τὰς γλώσσας bite their tongues Rv 16:10.”
[16:10] 93 tn The preposition ἐκ (ek) has been translated here and twice in the following verse with a causal sense.
[16:11] 94 tn Grk “pains” (the same term in Greek [πόνος, ponos] as the last word in v. 11, here translated “sufferings” because it is plural). BDAG 852 s.v. 2 states, “ἐκ τοῦ π. in pain…Rv 16:10; pl. (Gen 41:51; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 146; Test. Jud. 18:4) ἐκ τῶν π. …because of their sufferings vs. 11.”
[16:11] 95 tn Or “ulcerated sores” (see 16:2).
[16:11] 96 tn Grk “and they did not repent.” Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but nevertheless” to express the contrast here.
[16:11] 97 tn Grk “they did not repent” The addition of “still refused” reflects the hardness of people’s hearts in the context.
[16:12] 98 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:12] 99 tn Grk “the sixth”; the referent (the sixth angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:12] 100 tn Grk “and its water was dried up.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
[16:12] 101 tn Grk “in order that the way might be prepared.” Here the passive construction has been translated as an active one.
[16:12] 102 tn Grk “from the rising of the sun.” BDAG 74 s.v. ἀνατολή 2.a takes this as a geographical direction: “ἀπὸ ἀ. ἡλίου…from the east Rv 7:2; 16:12; simply ἀπὸ ἀ. …21:13.”
[16:13] 103 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:13] 104 sn According to the next verse, these three unclean spirits are spirits of demons.
[16:14] 105 tn BDAG 699 s.v. οἰκουμένη 1 states, “the inhabited earth, the world…ὅλη ἡ οἰκ. the whole inhabited earth…Mt 24:14; Ac 11:28; Rv 3:10; 16:14.”
[16:14] 106 tn On this word BDAG 755 s.v. παντοκράτωρ states, “the Almighty, All-Powerful, Omnipotent (One) only of God…(ὁ) κύριος ὁ θεὸς ὁ π. …Rv 1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7; 21:22.”
[16:15] 107 tn Grk “and keeps.” BDAG 1002 s.v. τηρέω 2.c states “of holding on to someth. so as not to give it up or lose it…τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ Rv 16:15 (or else he will have to go naked).”
[16:15] 108 tn On the translation of ἀσχημοσύνη (aschmosunh) as “shameful condition” see L&N 25.202. The indefinite third person plural (“and they see”) has been translated as a passive here.
[16:15] 109 sn These lines are parenthetical, forming an aside to the narrative. The speaker here is the Lord Jesus Christ himself rather than the narrator. Many interpreters have seen this verse as so abrupt that it could not be an original part of the work, but the author has used such asides before (1:7; 14:13) and the suddenness here (on the eve of Armageddon) is completely parallel to Jesus’ warning in Mark 13:15-16 and parallels.
[16:16] 110 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “now” to indicate the resumption and conclusion of the remarks about the pouring out of the sixth bowl.
[16:16] 111 tn Grk “they”; the referent (the demonic spirits, v. 14) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:16] 112 tn Grk “gathered them”; the referent (the kings and [implied] their armies, v. 14) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:16] 113 tc There are many variations in the spelling of this name among the Greek
[16:16] tn Or “Harmagedon” (a literal transliteration of the Greek), or “Har-Magedon” (NASB), meaning “the Mount of Magedon” in Hebrew.
[16:17] 114 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “finally” to indicate the conclusion of the seven bowl judgments.
[16:17] 115 tn Grk “the seventh”; the referent (the seventh angel) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
[16:18] 116 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
[16:18] 117 tn Or “sounds,” “voices.” It is not entirely clear what this refers to. BDAG 1071 s.v. φωνή 1 states, “In Rv we have ἀστραπαὶ καὶ φωναὶ καὶ βρονταί (cp. Ex 19:16) 4:5; 8:5; 11:19; 16:18 (are certain other sounds in nature thought of here in addition to thunder, as e.g. the roar of the storm?…).”
[16:18] 118 tn The singular ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used generically here to refer to the human race.
[16:19] 119 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[16:19] 120 tn Or “of the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
[16:19] 122 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the implied result of Babylon’s misdeeds (see Rev 14:8).
[16:19] 123 tn Grk “the cup of the wine of the anger of the wrath of him.” The concatenation of four genitives has been rendered somewhat differently by various translations (see the note on the word “wrath”).
[16:19] 124 tn Following BDAG 461 s.v. θυμός 2, the combination of the genitives of θυμός (qumo") and ὀργή (orgh) in Rev 16:19 and 19:15 are taken to be a strengthening of the thought as in the OT and Qumran literature (Exod 32:12; Jer 32:37; Lam 2:3; CD 10:9). Thus in Rev 14:8 (to which the present passage alludes) and 18:3 there is irony: The wine of immoral behavior with which Babylon makes the nations drunk becomes the wine of God’s wrath for her.
[16:20] 125 tn Grk “And every.” Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
[16:20] 127 sn Every island fled away and no mountains could be found. Major geographical and topographical changes will accompany the Day of the Lord.
[16:21] 128 tn Here BDAG 988 s.v. ταλαντιαῖος states, “weighing a talent…χάλαζα μεγάλη ὡς ταλαντιαία a severe hailstorm with hailstones weighing a talent (the talent=125 librae, or Roman pounds of c. 343 gr. or 12 ounces each) (weighing about a hundred pounds NRSV) Rv 16:21.” This means each hailstone would weigh just under 100 pounds or 40 kilograms.
[16:21] 129 tn Or “the sky.” Due to the apocalyptic nature of this book, it is probably best to leave the translation as “from heaven,” since God is ultimately the source of the judgment.
[16:21] 130 tn Grk “on men,” but ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpo") is used here in a generic sense to refer to people in general (the hailstones did not single out adult males, but would have also fallen on women and children).
[16:21] 131 tn Grk “the men”; for stylistic reasons the pronoun “they” is used here.
[16:21] 132 tn Grk “the plague of it.”
[16:21] 133 tn Grk “since the plague of it was exceedingly great.”
